The earliest recorded portrait drawing of a known individual by Johnson is Henry Sewell, done in Augusta, Maine, and dated November 26, 1844. Already in 1844, when Johnson was twenty, this work shows the artist's superb use of charcoal (black chalk) to highlight the lights and shadow that capture the three-dimensionality of his sitter. This talent may have been initiated from the time he worked in a lithography shop in Boston, and also the availability of mezzotints.
The Sewell portrait also shows Johnson’s understanding of anatomy in the sitter’s facial structure. During this period, 1844–1949, Johnson almost always used charcoal (black chalk) for his portraits. Some are half-length portraits including hands, but the majority are heads (and necks) alone. He took about three days to complete a charcoal portrait. The style of the time was to present portraits in oval frames.
See Technical Information on Johnson's Practices for a discussion of charcoal, black chalk, crayon, and pastel. —PH
MacGibeny, 2022: In 1846, the year Johnson drew this portrait of John Quincy Adams, Johnson's father Philip Carrigan Johnson became a clerk in the Navy Department in Washington, D.C., and the artist was lent a room in the Capitol where he also drew other eminent Washingtonians including Mrs. Alexander Hamilton, Daniel Webster, and Dolley Madison.
John Quincy Adams Diary 45, Entry for April 1, 1846: "The debate in the House [of Representatives] this day was so dull, that I escaped from it, and gave a sitting of an hour, to Mr. Johnson, in a Committee room below for my Portrait.”
National Portrait Gallery object record, January 13, 2020: "Waist-length view of older seated man facing 3/4 to right, eyes front, balding with grey hair at sides, hands, unfinished, clasped at chest level, wears a dark suit coat, and unfinished high collared shirt, sits in a high-backed chair."
John Quincy Adams (1767–1848). Sixth president of the United States, 1825–1829.
White, Terry James. The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms, 1967–.
- Portrait pose
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