Catalogue Entry
During the summer months of 1857 Johnson visited the George Washington homestead at Mount Vernon, Virginia, with his friend Louis Mignot. Johnson painted one or two paintings, but returned the following summer to paint several more. During the 1850s the building and its grounds had fallen into disrepair. A new veneration of Washington, spurred on by growing sectional political conflicts between North and South, led to the formation of a committee of women to restore the site. They formed the Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association of the Union. The painter Thomas Rossiter brought attention to the situation by writing a plea in The Crayon (September 1858):
The nation has permitted his tomb to crumble, the storms to despoil his mansion, the weeds to grow over his footsteps and his door-sill, with an effort to preserve the sacred domain. At last, the women of the land—God bless them! Having waited and hoped in vain for a recognition of the sanctity of Mount Vernon, moved with feminine zeal and loyalty to the noble dead, have combined, organized and purchased the estate.
[Adapted from Hills, The Genre Painting of Eastman Johnson, pp. 54–55]. —PH
Hills, “Painting Race: Eastman Johnson’s Pictures of Slaves, Ex-Slaves, and Freedmen,” p. 160, n11, 1999: “The scene has an uncanny resemblance to Harriet Beecher Stowe’s opening description of Uncle Tom’s cabin, in which Tom’s wife, Chloe, alternatively feeds the baby on her lap and her two small boys. Seventeen families of slaves—a total of seventy-six—lived on the estate in January 1856; see ‘List of Slaves. Belonging to John A. Washington (III) Mount Vernon, January 15, 1856, taken from a Diary Kept by John A. Washington, Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association, Mount Vernon, Virginia.’”
MacGibeny, 2021: According to the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, which owns a version of this painting, the interior depicted in Johnson's "Kitchen at Mount Vernon" images is actually the Servant's Hall, not the kitchen.
Mount Vernon Ladies' Association catalogue entry, 2017: "Oil on board genre painting of an enslaved woman sitting with three children in front of a cooking hearth. The dim interior is gently illuminated by the embers in the hearth and by sunlight coming through doors on the left and right of the scene. The architecture of the room appears dilapidated as bricks around the hearth, and the wooden laths of walls, are exposed under cracking plaster. The brick floor is broken and worn. Glass bottles and a plate rest on the mantle shelf while a metal ladle hangs to the left of the fire. A collection of cleaning tools and storage containers—a broom, shovel, basket, box, large bottle—and what may be clothing to be washed, are stacked and leaning against the wall in the far- left corner, near the open door. The enslaved woman, who wears a white headscarf, sits on a stool holding a baby while a second child sits nearby in a settle watching her and the third child gazes directly out at the viewer. The painting is framed with a wooden, gilded frame." (Amy Hudson Henderson)
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